Conjugating Key French Verbs Avoir, Être, & Faire

The French verbs avoir (to have), à ªtre (to be) and faire (to do or make) are the three most used and, thus, most important verbs in the French language. They are used in some of the ways that we do in English as well as in many idiomatic expressions. Conjugations for all three of these verbs are irregular. In the table below, youll see the present tense conjugated for each verb and links to the full, detailed conjugations of each. Avoir  Uses   Avoir, which  means to have in most senses, has many uses.  Avoir à  Ã‚  can mean to have to, but that expression is more commonly translated by  devoir. Avoir  is the  auxiliary for most French verbs  in the  compound tenses,  as in  Jai dà ©jà   à ©tudià ©. (I have already studied.)   Jai un livre. I have a book.Nous avons une voiture.   We have a car.Jai mal à   la tà ªte.   I have a headache.Jai une idà ©e.   I have an idea.Jai à ©tà © eu.   Ive been had (tricked). Avoir  Expressions Avoir  is used in a number of  idiomatic expressions, many of which are translated by the English verb to be: Jai 30 ans.   I am 30 years old.Jai soif.   I am thirsty.Jai froid.   I am cold.Il y a...   There is/are... Être  Uses   Être, which means to be in most instances,  is used in idiomatic expressions, as an auxiliary verb for some verbs in the  compound tenses,  and for the  passive voice. Note that even though  Ãƒ ªtre  is the French equivalent of to be, there are certain expressions in which you have to use  avoir  or  faire  to translate to be.It is used with  adjectives,  nouns, and  adverbs  to describe a temporary or permanent state of being, such as:  Il est beau (He is handsome).Être  is also used to describe someones  profession, as in:  Mon pà ¨re est avocat  (My father is a lawyer).And  Ãƒ ªtre  can be used with the  preposition  Ãƒ  Ã‚  plus a  stressed pronoun  to indicate  possession, like this:  Ce livre est à   moi (This is my book).When talking about the  weather, French uses the verb  faire  (to do/make) rather than  Ãƒ ªtre, as in:  Quel temps fait-il?  (Hows the weather?) Être  Expressions Theres a long list of idiomatic expressions using  Ãƒ ªtre.  Here are a few: à ªtre bien dans sa peau  Ã‚  to be at ease/comfortable with oneselfà ªtre dans la mouise  (familiar)   to be flat brokeà ªtre dans son assiette  Ã‚  to feel normal, like oneselfà ªtre de   to be at/in (figuratively)à ªtre en train de   infinitive   to be (in the process of) present participleà ªtre sur son trente et un  Ã‚  to be dressed to the ninesen à ªtre   to take part inà §a mest à ©gal  Ã‚  its all the same to me  cest   it is  cest   date  Ã‚  its (date)cest-à  -dire  Ã‚  that is, i.e., I meanCest la vie!  Ã‚  Thats life! Faire: Uses Faire  is used in numerous idiomatic expressions and in the causative construction.  Faire  means to do and to make in most senses that these verbs are used in English, as in  Je fais la lessive  (Im doing the laundry).In French, one takes (not makes) a decision; the expression is  prendre une dà ©cision,  as in:  Jai pris une dà ©cision  (I made a decision). And  when to make is followed by an adjective, it is translated by  rendre, as in:  Ãƒâ€¡a me rend heureux. (That makes me happy). Faire: Expressions Faire, like avoir and  Ãƒ ªtre,  is used in many, many idiomatic expressions. Here are a few: 2 et 2 font 4  (math)   2 plus 2 equals 4faire infinitive  (causative)   to cause something to happen, as inLe froid fait geler leau.   Cold makes water freeze.faire beau or mauvais  (weather expressions)Il fait beau or  il  fait beau temps   Its nice weather / out.Il fait mauvais temp or il fait mauvais temp The weather is bad.  faire attention à     to pay attention to, watch out forfaire bon accueil   to welcomefaire de la peine à   quelquun   to hurt someone (emotionally or morally)faire de lautostop   to hitchhikefaire des bà ªtises to get into mischieffaire une bà ªtise   to do something stupid Simple Present Tense of Avoir, Être, and Faire   Avoir Être Faire j'/je ai suis fais tu as es fais il a est fait nous avons sommes faisons vous avez à ªtes faites ils ont sont font

Noise Pollution - 1508 Words

Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nauseas, meaning seasickness. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise.[1][2] Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. Indoor and outdoor noise pollution sources include car alarms, emergency service sirens, mechanical equipment, fireworks, compressed air horns, groundskeeping equipment, barking dogs,†¦show more content†¦Zebra finches become less faithful to their partners when exposed to traffic noise. This could alter a populations evolutionary trajectory by selecting traits, sapping resources normally devoted to other activities and thus lead to profound genetic and evolutionary consequences.[15] ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Impact in the United Kingdom Figures compiled by Rockwool, the mineral wool insulation manufacturer, based on responses from local authorities to a Freedom of Information Act (FOI) request reveal in the period April 2008 – 2009UK councils received 315,838 complaints about noise pollution from private residences. This resulted in environmental health officers across the UK serving 8,069 noise abatement notices, or citations under the terms of the Anti-Social Behaviour (Scotland) Act. In the last 12 months, 524 confiscations of equipment have been authorised involving the removal of powerful speakers, stereos and televisions. Westminster City Council has received more complaints per head of population thanShow MoreRelatedCauses of Noise Pollution4614 Words   |  19 PagesCauses of noise pollution We are bombarded with sound even when we live in rural areas. From crop dusters to large farm equipment, we have plenty of sound in the country. In the urban areas, we not only have sound that is produced at unnatural decibel levels, the sound is reflected from hard surfaces that form at every kind of angle. We go to theaters and concerts where the ability to magnify sound has developed in incredible ways. We listen on headphones, where sound is not only concentrated, butRead More Noise Pollution Essay5677 Words   |  23 PagesNoise Pollution Abstract No one on earth can escape the sounds of noise- an unwanted, disturbing sound that causes a nuisance in the eye of the beholder. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, have been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noiseRead More The Effects of Noise Pollution Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Noise Pollution Have you ever considered that several of the noises you hear are noise pollution? The thought of pollution, to the majority of people, brings reflections of chemical spills, radiation, and holes in the ozone layer, and noise is usually last on the list. The term noise pollution is the term used to describe environmental pollution that deals with annoying or harmful noises and is constantly happening(1). Some common examples of noise pollution, that many peopleRead MoreNoise Pollution Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of pollution such as water pollution, air pollution, solid waste, radioactive and nuclear energy, and lastly noise pollution. Noise pollution, or environmental noise, is displeasing sound created by humans, animals, or machines, that disrupts the activity or balance of domestic and animal life. The most common source of the pollution is brought on worldwide by transportation systems that include motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise. Other sources that cause the pollution, both indoorRead MoreProblems Associated With Urban Noise Pollution1861 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Urban noise pollution is causing increased health risks in the population. This is due both to the fact that noise levels, particularly those associated with transport, have increased dramatically since the mid-twentieth century and that a higher percentage of the world population is now concentrated in urban systems. This problem has also increased economic costs due to failing health and reduced productivity of the population, affecting between 0.2% and 2% of gross domestic productRead MoreNoise Pollution : An Underrated Environmental Pollution Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesYuemeng Ma ENVS*1030 Oct 7, 2016 Noise Pollution: An Underrated Environmental Pollution In April of 2011, WHO and the European Union Cooperative Research Center published a comprehensive report on the impact of noise on human health, Burden of disease from environmental noise. This is the most comprehensive study of noise pollution in recent years. 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Noise pollution is the act of creating noise. Noise is measured in decibels: 0 decibels is silent, 0 to 70 decibels is moderate, 70 to 80 decibels is the volume where noise can start becoming problematic. 80 to 120 decibels is considered loud noise and exposure at these levels for extended periods can cause permeant hearing loss. Therefore it is important to reduce noise pollution and your exposure to

Plain View Open Fields free essay sample

Today a high percentage of the arrests done by law enforcement are from seized evidence that was in plain view and does not come under the Fourth Amendment. The plain view doctrine states that items that are within the sight of a police officer who is legally in a place from which the view is made may properly be seized without a warrant as long as such items are immediately recognizable as subject to seizure (Criminal Procedure: Law and Practice 2004). In other instances police can also seize evidence that is in open fields. The open fields doctrine holds that items in open fields are not protected by the Fourth Amendment’s guarantee against unreasonable searches and seizures, so they can properly be taken by an officer without a warrant or probable cause (Criminal Procedure: Law and Practice 2004). The plain view doctrine has three requirements that must be met before the evidence can be introduce as evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Plain View Open Fields or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These three requirements are that the officer has to be aware of the item through use of sight, must be legally in the place from which the evidence is seen, and it must be immediately apparent that the evidence is subject to seizure. Any object falling under plain view of a police officer and who has a right to be in a position to have that view of the item it can be seized and introduce as evidence (Harris v. United States, 390 U. S. 234 [1968]). The scenario states that during routine patrol two police officers witnessed a man running and swinging a purse in his right hand. A woman was running and yelling behind this man to stop and return the purse back to her. Both officers then gave chase of the suspect and led them to a public alley used for trash collection between the houses. The man continued running and dropped the purse. The officers then lost sight of the suspect as he turned into another alley to another street. While the officers were walking back to the dropped purse one of the officers heard screaming from within a break walled backyard. The officer walked over to the wall and was able to see two juveniles in a fistfight. Their clothes were ripped, their eyes swollen, and their faces were bleeding. The officer entered the property through an open gate and broke up the fight. The officer observed several plastic baggies containing a white powdery substance on a patio table. The officer called the boys’ parents walking towards the patio’s screen door. A woman, dressed in a nightgown exited the house and immediately started explaining the baggies on the table. The officer then arrested the woman for possession of narcotics. After the backyard was secured the other officer continued to the location where the purse was drooped. As he retrieved the purse the officer observed marihuana cigarettes among its spilled contents. The officer seized the evidence and arrested the purse’s owner. The scenario is self explanatory and covers in my opinion both doctrines in at list one of the situations. When the officers were walking back to recover the purse one of the officers heard screaming. He approached the area where the screams were coming from and observed a crime being committed in his presence which was fight between two juveniles. The first requirement of the plain view doctrine was covered because he was legally inside the property due to the fight. Just as he went inside the property he observed the baggies containing a white powdery substance, which made him aware of the item through the use of sight. When the officer contacted the woman she immediately tried to justify herself, she in effect admitted of having knowledge of the drugs. The officer immediately seized the baggies containing the white powdery substance and arrested the woman for drug possession. The officers immediately recognize the items as to being drugs without the result of further examination and seized the evidence. The officer had probable cause to believe that the baggies contained narcotics and the seizure was justified under plain view (Texas v. Brown, 460 U. S. 730 [1983]). All three of the requirements were met therefore the seizure was legal. In this scenario the open field doctrine does not apply because residential yards and fenced areas are not included in the doctrine. Once the officers secured the backyard scene where they recovered the baggies of drugs and arrested a woman, one of the officers continued to the location of the dropped purse. As he retrieved the purse he recognized marihuana cigarettes among its spilled contents. The marihuana cigarettes were in plain view of the officer and covered the three requirements of the plain view doctrine. He had sight of the evidence; he was legally in the place from where the evidence was recovered, and recognized the evidence as to being marihuana (Texas v. Brown, 460 U. S. 730 [1983]). Not only plain view applies, but also open fields doctrine may apply in this scenario because the evidence seize was recovered in a public place which is not associated with the sanctity of a man’s home, and the privacies of life.